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    django Part 5：测试 - 刘江的django教程
    
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            目&nbsp;录
            <hr />
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a href="2.html" class="list-group-item"><b>Django教程</b></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="84.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>Django简介</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="85.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>Django环境安装</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="86.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>第一个Django应用</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="87.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Part 1：请求与响应</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="88.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Part 2：模型与管理后台</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="89.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Part 3：视图和模板</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="90.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Part 4：表单和类视图</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="91.html"
                               class="list-group-item active">Part 5：测试</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="92.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Part 6：静态文件</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="93.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Part 7：自定义admin站点</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="94.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>第一章：模型层model layer</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="95.html"
                               class="list-group-item">模型和字段</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="96.html"
                               class="list-group-item">关系类型字段</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="97.html"
                               class="list-group-item">字段的参数</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="98.html"
                               class="list-group-item">多对多中间表详解</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="99.html"
                               class="list-group-item">模型的元数据Meta</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="100.html"
                               class="list-group-item">模型的继承</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="101.html"
                               class="list-group-item">用包来组织模型</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="129.html"
                               class="list-group-item">查询操作</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="130.html"
                               class="list-group-item">查询集API</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="131.html"
                               class="list-group-item">不返回QuerySets的API</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="132.html"
                               class="list-group-item">字段查询参数及聚合函数</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="133.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>第二章：视图层view layer</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="182.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django2.0 URL配置</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="134.html"
                               class="list-group-item">URL路由基础</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="135.html"
                               class="list-group-item">路由转发</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="136.html"
                               class="list-group-item">URL反向解析和命名空间</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="137.html"
                               class="list-group-item">视图函数及快捷方式</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="138.html"
                               class="list-group-item">HttpRequest对象</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="139.html"
                               class="list-group-item">QueryDict对象</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="140.html"
                               class="list-group-item">HttpResponse对象</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="141.html"
                               class="list-group-item">文件上传</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="142.html"
                               class="list-group-item">动态生成CSV文件</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="143.html"
                               class="list-group-item">动态生成PDF文件</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="144.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>第三章：模版层Template layer</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="145.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django模板语言详解</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="146.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django内置模板标签</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="147.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django内置模版过滤器</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="148.html"
                               class="list-group-item">特殊的标签和过滤器</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="149.html"
                               class="list-group-item">人类可读性</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="150.html"
                               class="list-group-item">自定义模板标签和过滤器</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="151.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>第四章：Django表单</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="152.html"
                               class="list-group-item">使用表单</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="153.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django表单API详解</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="154.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django表单字段汇总</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="155.html"
                               class="list-group-item">表单的Widgets</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="156.html"
                               class="list-group-item">模型表单ModelForm</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="157.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>第五章：Admin管理后台</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="158.html"
                               class="list-group-item">自定制Admin</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="159.html"
                               class="list-group-item">自定义Admin actions</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="160.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Admin文档生成器</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="162.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>第六章：Django 综合篇</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="163.html"
                               class="list-group-item">配置 Django</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="164.html"
                               class="list-group-item">核心配置项</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="165.html"
                               class="list-group-item">使用MySQL数据库</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="166.html"
                               class="list-group-item">django-admin和manage.py</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="167.html"
                               class="list-group-item">自定义django-admin命令</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="168.html"
                               class="list-group-item">会话session</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="169.html"
                               class="list-group-item">网站地图sitemap</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="170.html"
                               class="list-group-item">信号 signal</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="171.html"
                               class="list-group-item">序列化 serializers</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="172.html"
                               class="list-group-item">消息框架 message</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="173.html"
                               class="list-group-item">分页 Paginator</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="174.html"
                               class="list-group-item">聚合内容 RSS/Atom</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="175.html"
                               class="list-group-item">发送邮件</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="176.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django 日志</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="177.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django与缓存</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="178.html"
                               class="list-group-item">认证系统 Authentication</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="179.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django与CSRF 、AJAX</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="180.html"
                               class="list-group-item">Django 国际化和本地化</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="181.html"
                               class="list-group-item">部署 Django</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="102.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>实战一：用户登录与注册系统</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="103.html"
                               class="list-group-item">1. 搭建项目环境</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="104.html"
                               class="list-group-item">2. 设计数据模型</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="105.html"
                               class="list-group-item">3. admin后台</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="106.html"
                               class="list-group-item">4. url路由和视图</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="107.html"
                               class="list-group-item">5. 前端页面设计</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="108.html"
                               class="list-group-item">6. 登录视图</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="109.html"
                               class="list-group-item">7. Django表单</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="110.html"
                               class="list-group-item">8. 图片验证码</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="111.html"
                               class="list-group-item">9. session会话</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="112.html"
                               class="list-group-item">10. 注册视图</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="113.html"
                               class="list-group-item">11.使用Django发送邮件</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="114.html"
                               class="list-group-item">12. 邮件注册确认</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="115.html"
                               class="list-group-item">13. 使用Github管理项目</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 2em" href="116.html"
                               class="list-group-item"><strong>实战二：CMDB之资产管理系统</strong></a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="117.html"
                               class="list-group-item">1.项目需求分析</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="118.html"
                               class="list-group-item">2.模型设计</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="119.html"
                               class="list-group-item">3.数据收集客户端</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="120.html"
                               class="list-group-item">4.Windows下收集数据</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="121.html"
                               class="list-group-item">5.Linux下收集数据</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="122.html"
                               class="list-group-item">6.新资产待审批区</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="123.html"
                               class="list-group-item">7.审批新资产</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="124.html"
                               class="list-group-item">8.已上线资产信息更新</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="125.html"
                               class="list-group-item">9.前端框架AdminLTE</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="126.html"
                               class="list-group-item">10.资产总表</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="127.html"
                               class="list-group-item">11.资产详细页面</a>
                            
                        
                
            
                
                        
                            
                            <a style="margin-left: 4em" href="128.html"
                               class="list-group-item">12.dashboard仪表盘</a>
                            
                        
                
            
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            <!-- 教程正文主体部分 -->
            <div class="row">
                <h1>Part 5：测试</h1>
                <p>阅读:&nbsp;2960</p>
                <hr/>
                <p>本节将简要介绍Django的自动化测试相关内容。</p>
<h2 id="_1">一、自动化测试概述</h2>
<p><strong>什么是自动化测试</strong></p>
<p>测试是一种例行的、不可缺失的工作，用于检查你的程序是否符合预期。</p>
<p>测试可以划分为不同的级别。一些测试可能专注于小细节（比如某一个模型的方法是否会返回预期的值？）， 一些测试则专注于检查软件的整体运行是否正常（用户在对网站进行了一系列的输入后，是否返回了期望的结果？）。</p>
<p>测试可以分为手动测试和自动测试。手动测试很常见，有时候print一个变量内容，都可以看做是测试的一部分。手动测试往往很零碎、不成体系、不够完整、耗时费力、效率低下，测试结果也不一定准确。</p>
<p>自动化测试则是系统地较为完整地对程序进行测试，效率高，准确性高，并且大部分共同的测试工作会由系统来帮你完成。一旦你创建了一组自动化测试程序，当你修改了你的应用，你就可以用这组测试程序来检查你的代码是否仍然同预期的那样运行，而无需执行耗时的手动测试。</p>
<p><strong>为什么需要测试？</strong></p>
<p>大家都明白：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>测试可以节省你的时间</strong></li>
<li><strong>测试不仅仅可以发现问题，还能防止问题</strong></li>
<li><strong>测试使你的代码更受欢迎</strong></li>
<li><strong>测试有助于团队合作</strong></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="_2">二、编写测试程序</h2>
<p>Django是一个全面、完善、严谨的Web框架，当然不会缺少测试功能。</p>
<h3 id="1bug">1.<strong>遇见BUG</strong></h3>
<p>很巧，在我们的投票应用中有一个小bug需要修改：在<code>Question.was_published_recently()</code>方法的返回值中，当Qeustion在最近的一天发布的时候返回True（这是正确的），然而当Question在未来的日期内发布的时候也返回True（这是错误的）。</p>
<p>我们可以在admin后台创建一个发布日期在未来的Question，然后在shell中验证这个bug：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span>
<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.utils</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">timezone</span>
<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">polls.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Question</span>
<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="c1"># 创建一个发布日期在30天后的问卷</span>
<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">future_question</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Question</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pub_date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="c1"># 测试一下返回值</span>
<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">future_question</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">was_published_recently</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">True</span>
</pre></div>


<p>问题的核心在于我们允许创建在未来时间才发布的问卷，由于“未来”不等于“最近”，因此这显然是个bug。</p>
<h3 id="2bug">2.<strong>创建一个测试来暴露这个bug</strong></h3>
<p>刚才我们是在shell中测试了这个bug，那如何通过自动化测试来发现这个bug呢？</p>
<p>通常，我们会把测试代码放在应用的<code>tests.py</code>文件中，测试系统将自动地从任何名字以test开头的文件中查找测试程序。每个app在创建的时候，都会自动创建一个<code>tests.py</code>文件，就像<code>views.py</code>等文件一样。</p>
<p>将下面的代码输入投票应用的<code>polls/tests.py</code>文件中：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.utils</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">timezone</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.test</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">TestCase</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Question</span>

<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">QuestionMethodTests</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TestCase</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_was_published_recently_with_future_question</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="sd">        在将来发布的问卷应该返回False</span>
<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
        <span class="n">time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">future_question</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Question</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pub_date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assertIs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">future_question</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">was_published_recently</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>


<p>我们在这里创建了一个<code>django.test.TestCase</code>的子类，它具有一个方法，该方法创建一个<code>pub_date</code>在未来的Question实例。最后我们检查<code>was_published_recently()</code>的输出，它应该是 False。</p>
<h3 id="3">3.<strong>运行测试程序</strong></h3>
<p>在终端中，运行下面的命令，</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>$ python manage.py <span class="nb">test</span> polls
</pre></div>


<p>你将看到结果如下：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>Creating test database for alias &#39;default&#39;...
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_was_published_recently_with_future_question (polls.tests.QuestionMethodTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File &quot;/path/to/mysite/polls/tests.py&quot;, line 16, in test_was_published_recently_with_future_question
self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
AssertionError: True is not False
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s
FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias &#39;default&#39;...
</pre></div>


<p>这其中都发生了些什么？：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>python manage.py test polls</code>命令会查找投票应用中所有的测试程序</li>
<li>发现一个<code>django.test.TestCase</code>的子类</li>
<li>为测试创建一个专用的数据库</li>
<li>查找名字以<code>test</code>开头的测试方法</li>
<li>在<code>test_was_published_recently_with_future_question</code>方法中，创建一个Question实例，该实例的pub_data字段的值是30天后的未来日期。</li>
<li>然后利用<code>assertIs()</code>方法，它发现<code>was_published_recently()</code>返回了True，而不是我们希望的False。</li>
</ul>
<p>最后，测试程序会通知我们哪个测试失败了，错误出现在哪一行。</p>
<p>整个测试用例基本上和Python内置的unittest非常相似，大家可以参考Python教程中测试相关的章节。</p>
<h3 id="3bug">3.<strong>修复bug</strong></h3>
<p>我们已经知道了问题所在，现在可以去修复bug了。修改源代码，具体如下：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># polls/models.py</span>

<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">was_published_recently</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">now</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pub_date</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="n">now</span>
</pre></div>


<p>再次运行测试程序：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>Creating test database for alias &#39;default&#39;...
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s
OK
Destroying test database for alias &#39;default&#39;...
</pre></div>


<p>可以看到bug已经没有了。</p>
<h3 id="4">4.<strong>更加全面的测试</strong></h3>
<p>事实上，前面的测试用例还不够完整，为了使<code>was_published_recently()</code>方法更加可靠，我们在上面的测试类中再额外添加两个其它的方法，来更加全面地进行测试。</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># polls/tests.py</span>

<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_was_published_recently_with_old_question</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="sd">    只要是超过1天的问卷，返回False</span>
<span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
    <span class="n">time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">old_question</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Question</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pub_date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assertIs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_question</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">was_published_recently</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="sd">    最近一天内的问卷，返回True</span>
<span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
    <span class="n">time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">59</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">59</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">recent_question</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Question</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pub_date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assertIs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">recent_question</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">was_published_recently</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>


<p>现在我们有三个测试来保证无论发布时间是在过去、现在还是未来<code>Question.was_published_recently()</code>都将返回正确的结果。</p>
<p>关于测试的内容，虽然很重要，但是对于刚入门者而言却不是最首要的知识点，等将主体内容掌握后，我们再回头来梳理这一部分。</p>
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                                    <strong >测试</strong>
                                    <div class="entry-meta small muted">
                                        
                                            <span>By&nbsp;&nbsp;
                                                
                                                    Tiiiso
                                                
                                            </span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On&nbsp;&nbsp;
                                        
                                        <em>2018年2月9日 12:21</em>
                                        <a href="/reply/212">&nbsp;&nbsp;回复</a>
                                    </div>
                            <br />
                            <p>测试 果然是最被嫌弃的一部分吗?  哈哈</p>
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